Frequently asked questions: AI and cyber operations in armed conflict

Cyber operations may disrupt, disable or physically damage civilian services, infrastructure and data. They risk resulting in injury or death of people, for instance in hospitals when medical devices are disabled, data is deleted or electricity is cut through cyber operations.

IHL imposes limits on cyber operations during armed conflicts. ICRC works bilaterally and multilaterally with states and hacker groups to ensure that existing IHL rules are interpreted and applied in a manner that ensures adequate protection for civilians and civilian infrastructure and data, including medical facilities and humanitarian organizations.

However, if existing rules of IHL are interpreted in ways that undermine the protective function of IHL in the ICT environment, additional rules would need to be developed to strengthen the existing legal framework.

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